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DIAGNOSIS
As previously mentioned, the symptoms of this group of diseases are few if any. Hence the diagnosis is very dependent on a good eye examination. This would include the measurement of the eye pressure with a reliable instrument. This can be easily carried out with a topical anesthetic drop. Although acceptable as a screening device, any measurements using a puff of air only are too inaccurate for appropriate diagnosis and follow-up. As mentioned, pressure is only one of several factors. Hence an examination of the optic nerve, especially the optic disc, is crucial. At times a three-dimensional photograph of this structure might be useful for future comparison. Equally important is a formal examination of the peripheral field of vision, preferably carried out with a computerized visual field machine.
Often a diagnosis cannot be made on the first visit and a follow-up over a period of time is required to determine whether or not glaucoma is present.
The diagnosis needs to take into account the risk factors, including genetic, present in a given person.
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